Soot builds up on the variable vanes of the turbo, and the vanes stick in one position. The cause is short journeys and skipped oil changes: those form a thick deposit that blocks the actuator mechanism.
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With stuck vanes the boost cannot be controlled: it either overshoots or fails to come. The symptom is characteristic: power runs out above 2000 rpm, blue smoke comes on throttle, and the control unit logs code P0299. A whistling noise is audible from the engine bay.
The repair is not necessarily a turbo replacement. The workshop first tries to free the stuck vanes and calibrate the actuator mechanically; a full replacement is only needed if the vanes are stuck for good. The fault appears above 150 000 kilometres, and the repair costs between 600 and 1800 euros.
At a purchase the service book says more here than the odometer: how often the oil was changed and what kind of use the car had decide how much deposit has built up.
What to check
- Accelerate hard: power should not run out above 2000 rpm
- Watch the exhaust on throttle: blue smoke belongs here
- Listen to the engine bay: a whistling noise points to the turbo