The e-Golf battery is not liquid cooled, it only has passive thermal management. In hot weather and with repeated fast charging the cells therefore take more stress, which speeds up ageing. The loss is not linear: it is steep over the first 30,000 to 40,000 km, then it slows. Based on owner measurements, after 4.5 years and around 70,000 km typically 89 to 93 per cent remains, while at 100,000 to 180,000 km around 200 km of real range is typical. The loss of range is the damage itself: the only way to restore it is a battery replacement, which accounts for a significant part of the car's value. It is measurable, and the measurement is cheap.